If you've ever heard about the Cataract If you're from Iguaçu and curious to learn more about its history, then you're in the right place!
The Falls are one of the greatest natural wonders on the planet and also hold a fascinating and mysterious history! Located on the triple border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, these waterfalls are the result of millions of years of geological formation, sculpting an impressive landscape that is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Here we will delve into the history and culture surrounding the falls, discover unique curiosities about the place, and also learn valuable tips to explore this destination in a complete and unforgettable way.
Get ready for an adventure-filled journey through one of the world's most iconic settings!
History of Iguazu Falls: origin and discovery of the falls
Its history begins approximately 200 years ago: the falls were created due to a geographical accident that occurred in the Paraná basin. This is because, about 18 km before the Iguaçu River meets the Paraná River, it experiences a drop in the ground that can reach 80 meters in height. This drop ended up giving rise to our beloved Iguaçu Falls, one of the most visited in the world!
Its name is of indigenous origin and means “big water”, reflecting the grandeur of this natural spectacle. And it means big, since the total width of the Iguaçu Falls reaches 2700 meters, with approximately 800 meters on the Brazilian side alone.
There are more than 270 falls, the main ones being Floriano, Deodoro, Benjamin Constant, União and Santa Maria.
By the way, did you know that Santa Maria was the first name given to the Iguazu Falls in history? The person who gave it this name was Àlvar Nuñes Cabeza de Vaca. According to historical accounts, when he arrived and saw the waterfalls in 1541, he was so impressed that he said “Santa María Madre de Dios”!
Read on to find out more about this incredible destination!
The Iguaçu Falls once had an owner
After its discovery, the area became the property of the military colony. And around 1900, the region was ceded to a Uruguayan named Jesús Val. It was then that, for the first time, the Iguazu Falls had an owner.
But it didn't last long: in 1916, the aviator Santos Dumont, famous for being the first to invent the airplane, decided to visit the Argentine Falls, during an aeronautics conference in Chile, when he continued on to Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Once in the border region, Dumont stayed at the "Hotel Brasil," which at the time was the first hotel in... Foz do Iguacu, staying in room number 2. On the same day, he went to the top of one of the falls, and standing on an old tree trunk amidst the mist, Dumont admired the Falls.
Deeply moved by the landscape, Santos Dumont used his influence to convince local and national authorities of the importance of transforming the Iguaçu Falls into a public and protected heritage site. In the same year, the government issued State Decree No. 653, making the Falls a public heritage site once again.
Their efforts resulted in the expropriation of the area, which later led to the creation of the Iguaçu National Park in 1939. This move was essential to ensuring the preservation of the falls and their opening to sustainable tourism.
History of Iguaçu Falls: creation of the Iguaçu National Park
The history of the creation of the Iguaçu National Park is closely linked to the preservation and appreciation of the Iguaçu Falls as one of the most important natural heritage sites in the world.
The Iguaçu National Park was created in 1939, thanks to Decree-Law No. 1035 established by the government of Getúlio Vargas, with the aim of protecting the region's biodiversity and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources. The area covers approximately 185 thousand hectares in the state of Paraná and is considered one of the largest Atlantic Forest reserves in Brazil.
The park was designed by engineer André Rebouças, at the end of the 19th century. He became motivated after the creation of the world's first federal protected area, Yellowstone National Park, in the United States.
In 1988 it was inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO and in 2012 it was recognized as one of the 7 wonders of Nature.
How important are the Falls?
The Iguaçu Falls are of immense importance, both from an environmental and cultural, economic and even touristic point of view. Located in the heart of the Iguaçu National Park, they form one of the richest and most diverse ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest, a biome that has already lost much of its original cover.
This environment is a true sanctuary for hundreds of animal species, many of which are threatened with extinction, such as the jaguar and the harpy eagle.
Currently, it is home to more than 250 species of trees, as well as 550 species of birds, 120 species of mammals, 79 species of reptiles, 55 species of amphibians and 635 species of butterflies, making it extremely important for the preservation of nature and all the animal life present there!
It is thanks to the team of experts that the park has been crossing the boundaries of preservation, advancing increasingly towards the purpose of environmental recovery of the Amazon Rainforest!
The Falls have deep cultural significance for local indigenous peoples, such as the Guarani, who consider the site sacred.
The location also plays a fundamental role in the economy! It is because of this protected area that the Foz do Iguaçu region generates around R$88 million in tourism per year.
The environmental services provided free of charge by the environmental conservation unit exceed all the costs involved in maintaining the protected area. These include services such as water supply, erosion control, climate regulation and even soil renewal. All of this adds up to more than R$600 million annually.
Preserving the Iguazu Falls is not just a local responsibility; it is a global commitment to biodiversity, sustainable tourism and the natural heritage that these waterfalls represent for future generations. Protecting this natural paradise is protecting life in its purest form!
Memories of the Falls Project
The documentary Memories of the Falls Project is an audiovisual work that celebrates the 70th anniversary of the Iguaçu National Park, highlighting the history and culture surrounding this natural heritage.
Directed by Daniel Choma and released in 2009, the 18-minute short film brings together testimonies from former residents and workers of the park, as well as historical images that portray the evolution of the place since the expropriation of the area in 1939.
It explores the changes in the daily lives of people who lived and worked near the Falls, including notable moments such as periods of drought and significant flooding, and features several accounts from those who lived in the region!
The production of the documentary also resulted in the recovery of more than 4 photos and historical documents, forming a rich collection that rescues the memory of local communities and their relationship with the Falls.
The project reflects the importance of the National Park as a space not only for environmental conservation, but also for cultural and historical connection with the population of Foz do Iguaçu!
The book “Images and Memories”, a collection of photographs from the mid-1900s, has an incredible collection of memories from former residents of the city who were an important part of the history of the Iguaçu Falls!
History of Iguazu Falls: legend about a forbidden love
One of the most fascinating facts behind the history of Iguaçu Falls is the legend of forbidden love. The Legend of the Falls is something very present in the lives of all Iguaçu residents. We have heard about it since we were little and we tell it to future generations, with the intention that it will never be forgotten.
Many years ago, even before the emergence of the waterfalls we know today, there was a tribe called Caigangues who had the Foz do Iguaçu region as their home.
They believed in the existence of a god who ruled the world: a huge serpent that lived in the waters. His name was M'Boi. To keep the god's wrath silenced, the tribe offered a young woman from the tribe chosen by the serpent himself every year.
Once, the daughter of the tribe's chief was chosen. Naipi was an intelligent and kind girl, capable of stopping the waters with her beauty. But Naipi fell in love with Tarobá, one of the strongest Indians in the tribe. And even against everything and everyone, their love grew day by day. It was then that they decided to escape by boat while everyone was sleeping.
M'Boi found out, and with immense fury, he dived into the waters of the Iguaçu River with extreme violence. The act caused a huge crack to appear in the waters, transforming it into what we know today as the Iguaçu Falls.
The god Tupã, however, was angry with what happened and decided to punish the three. He then transformed Naipi into a rock and Tarobá into a palm tree. M'Boi was imprisoned in what we now call the Devil's Throat.
Curiosities about Iguaçu Falls
The Iguaçu Falls are more than just a natural spectacle; they hold interesting facts that surprise even the most attentive visitors. Get ready to discover the secrets behind this fascinating heritage! Let’s go!
History of Iguazu Falls: toponymy
The name “Iguaçu” comes from the Tupi-Guarani language and means “big water”, reflecting the grandeur of the river and its falls. According to an indigenous legend, the falls appeared after a furious warrior created a fissure in the river to separate his beloved from a vengeful god.
History of Iguazu Falls: geography
Located in the Iguaçu National Park, its falls form one of the largest waterfall systems in the world. There are 275 falls that reach up to 82 meters in height, shaped by millions of years of volcanic activity and erosion. This geological formation makes them a unique spectacle on the planet.
Devil's Throat
This is the largest and most impressive drop of the Falls, at 80 meters high. This gigantic U-shaped chasm holds the largest volume of water and is surrounded by a constant mist, creating a unique visual and sound spectacle!
Comparison with other famous falls
Iguazu Falls is often compared to Niagara Falls in the United States and Canada and Victoria Falls in Africa.
Niagara Falls is smaller in terms of the number of drops and height. Victoria Falls, in Zimbabwe and Zambia, is known for its larger “continuous curtain of water.” In terms of biodiversity and landscape, Iguaçu Falls has the advantage, being surrounded by the Atlantic Forest.
Climate in the Falls
The climate is subtropical, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. In summer, the volume of water is greater due to rainfall, making the falls even more impressive. In winter, the climate is drier and cooler, ideal for hiking and outdoor activities.
Tourism in Iguazu Falls
Iguaçu Falls is one of the most visited tourist destinations in South America, attracting millions of people every year. The Iguaçu National Park offers trails, viewpoints and boat trips, such as the famous Macuco Safari, which takes visitors close to the falls.
On the Argentine side, tourism includes trails closer to the water and an incredible view of the Devil's Throat. The infrastructure includes restaurants, souvenir shops and internal transportation, ensuring comfort for visitors.
How does access to the Iguaçu Falls work?
Access to the Falls is via the Iguaçu National Park, on both the Brazilian and Argentinean sides. In Brazil, there is a visitor center with internal transportation that takes you to the main trails and viewpoints. There is a fee for admission, with ticket options for Brazilians, foreigners and local residents.
On the Argentine side, the trails are more varied, including walkways that get very close to the falls. To cross from one side to the other, you need to have valid documents to cross the border.
Popular culture and folklore
As waterfalls of Iguaçu are deeply linked to local folklore and culture. One of the best-known legends is that of the creation of the falls, involving the impossible love between Naipi and Tarobá, separated by the god M'Boy, who is said to have created the falls to imprison the lovers.
The place has been the setting for several films and cultural productions, consolidating its importance not only as a natural heritage site, but also as a symbol of beauty and mystery in the popular imagination.
Tours in the Iguaçu National Park
Iguaçu National Park is an invitation to adventure, full of unforgettable experiences amidst lush nature. In addition to trails and viewpoints, the park offers exclusive tours to explore its beauty in different ways and at different times.
Whether it’s at dawn, at night or during a special meal, there are options for all tastes. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Dawn at the Falls
Watching the sunrise at the Falls is a unique experience! The tour allows you to enjoy the falls in a moment of tranquility, with golden lights creating a magical setting. It is perfect for those looking for contemplation and spectacular photographs!
Night at the Falls
The magic of the Falls at night is indescribable. Illuminated by the full moon, the waterfalls take on a special glow, offering a romantic and mysterious atmosphere. It is a guided experience, limited to specific dates, that promises to enchant the senses.
Picnic at the Falls
How about a picnic surrounded by nature, with the sound of the waterfalls in the background? The National Park offers packages that include baskets with local products to enjoy outdoors. A great option for families or couples who want a relaxing and special moment.
Have lunch at the Falls – Porto Canoas
The Porto Canoas restaurant, located inside the park, offers a privileged view of the waterfalls. With dishes that highlight regional flavors, you can enjoy an unforgettable meal while appreciating the power and beauty of the falls.
Tickets to the Falls
Tickets for the park can be purchased online or on site, and it is recommended to buy in advance, especially during peak season. There are different prices for Brazilians, foreigners and local residents, and the ticket gives access to the main attractions, guaranteeing a day full of discoveries!
The current ticket price is R$105,00 per person, on the Brazilian side.
When is the best time to visit Iguaçu Falls?
The best time to visit depends on the experience you are looking for: in summer (December to March), the volume of water is greater due to the rain, making the falls even more impressive. In winter (June to September), the weather is drier and cooler, ideal for hiking and outdoor activities.
Where to eat in Foz do Iguaçu: restaurant tips
Foz do Iguaçu offers a variety of gastronomic options, from sophisticated experiences to cozy places with more affordable prices.
Highlights include Restaurante Barracão, great for those looking for a self-service restaurant with a good variety and affordable prices; Sushi Hokkai, for lovers of Japanese food; Quinta da Oliva, specializing in Italian cuisine; Le Mir Comida Árabe and Rafain Churrascaria Show, which combines Brazilian barbecue with a Latin cultural show, ideal for an unforgettable night!
There is something for every palate!
Iguazu Falls History: Frequently Asked Questions
If you still have questions after all this information, don’t worry! Below, we’ll answer some of the most frequently asked questions about this incredible destination!
How much does the ticket to Iguazu Falls cost?
The entrance to the Iguacu National Park Prices vary depending on the nationality and age of the visitor. Brazilians pay R$105,00 with discounts for children, students and seniors. Local residents also have special rates.
Where are the Iguaçu Falls?
They are located inside the Iguaçu National Park, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná.
What time does Iguaçu Falls open?
Iguaçu National Park is open every day from 9am to 16pm (Brazilian time).
How to get to Iguazu Falls?
Access to the Falls is easy and well signposted. For those staying in Foz do Iguaçu, it is possible to go by car, taxi or public transport, with buses leaving from the city center. The international airport is about a 15-minute drive from the park.
What to do in Foz do Iguaçu besides the Falls?
In addition to the Falls, Foz do Iguaçu offers incredible attractions, such as the Itaipu Binational, Landmark of the Three Borders, Bird ParkAnd Budhist temple. There is also the Duty Free in Puerto Iguazú and the National Park on the Argentine side, which complement the experience with shopping and other outdoor activities.
Hotels in Foz do Iguaçu near the Falls: Hotel Tarobá
To make your trip even more unforgettable, how about ensuring a good night's rest? Located in the center of Foz do Iguaçu, the Tarobá hotel is approximately a 20-minute drive from Iguaçu National Park, where the Falls are located.
This makes it easy to access the city's main tourist attractions, including the Falls, the Bird Park, and Itaipu Binacional, making Tarobá a great accommodation option!
O Hotel Tarobá It also offers amenities and a comfortable environment for those who want to explore the city, with easy access to restaurants, shops and transportation.
And there's more: you have access to heated swimming pools and whirlpools, a children's pool, gym, restaurant, a kids' area and a games room for moments of fun and leisure.
Here, you will find quality service and all the comfort your trip deserves.
Come and experience unforgettable moments in Foz do Iguaçu and be sure that your stay will be as wonderful as the tours you will take!
